Map showing the large modern lakes in black which are the remnants of the largest single body of fresh water ever to cover the North American continent, Lake Agassiz. This body of water formed as the retreating Wisconsin ice sheet released large quantities of meltwater. Lake Agassiz discharged first down the Minnisota River which joins the Mississippi River at Minneapolis and St. Paul. Later, however, the ice retreated farther north and uncovered a lower outlet to Hudson Bay (Zumberge 1958, p. 355).

Map indicating (in dotted areas) the extent of outcrops of Karroo formation (Upper Carboniferous to Jurassic) in South Africa and analogous continental formations in Equatorial Africa (Gignoux 1955, p. 242).

Loess. Map showing the distribution of loess deposits in cnetral United States and their relationship to rivers that carried glacial meltwater during the retreat of the great continental glaciers of the Pleistocene (Zumberge 1958, p. 125).

Earthquakes. Map showing the distribution of the epicentres of recent earthquakes. Heavy shading indicates the occurrence of frequent earthquakes, including most of those of major intensity. Holmes, 1953, p. 366.

Map showing the distribution of the elephants at the present time (solid black), their distribution in the past and the probable directions of their dispersal.

Map showing extent of present permafrost (Black, 1954, fig. 1).

Map shapes of end moraines (Gripp, 1955, p.42).

Map of the distribution of bedrock types beneath and surrounding the southern end of Lake Michigan, of the dominant direction of ice flow and of the localities where counts were made of pebbles in the glacial till(Valparaiso). Below is a plot of the distribution of pebble types with respect to the sample sites. Note the strong relationship between the type of predominating pebble and the proximity to bedrock of the same composition (Dapples, 1959, p. 412).

Map of southeastern Pennsylvania and eastern Maryland showing sedimentary rocks of Newark group, and dikes and sills of diabase which intrude both the Newark group and the earlier crystalline and sedimentary rocks of surrounding areas. King 1959, p. 51.

Map of southeastern part of Hawaii showing lava flows of the 1955 and 1960 eruptions of Kilauea. Letters indicate the location of the 1955 vents in the order of their outbreak (Bulman, 1962).

Map of oil fields in Pakistan-India-Burma. Map copied from a book.

Map of oil and gas seeps in the Middle East. Map copied from a book.

Map of oil and gas seeps in the Middle East, after Landes. Map copied from a book.

Map of North Sea region in postglacial time between about 8000-7000 B.C. (Dorn, 1960, p. 94).

Map of Mount Etna showing principle lava flows and parasitic cones (Bullard, 1962, p. 263)