Diagram showing stages in the development of a mountainous dome. Strahler, 1960, p. 463.

Diagram showing stages in the erosional development of folded strata. A. While folding is still in progress, erosion cuts down the anticlines, alluvium fills that synclines, keeping relief low. B. Long after folding has ceased, erosion exposes a highly resistant layer of sandstone quartzite. C. Continued erosion partly removes the resistant layer of sandstone and quartzite. C. Continued erosion partly removes the resistant formation but reveals another below it. D. peneplanation reduces the fold belt to low relief, but the hard rock still show. Strahler, 1960, p. 472.

Diagram of geologic section at South Haven, Michigan showing the change in percentage of tree pollen recovered from various layers. The peat bed has been correlated with the Chippawa low-water stage in the Lake Michigan basin. Other pollen profiles from nearby indicate that the oak peak was reached about 3500 years ago, and since then oak has decreased and white pine has increased. This has been interpreted as a revertence to a colder climate during the last 3500 years (Zumberge 1958, p. 365).

As a stream progresses from youth to maturity its valley walls become gentler in slope and the bedrock is covered by soil and weathered rock mantle. Strahler, 1960, p. 353.

Diagram showing the cycle of land-mass denudation in a humid climate. A. In the initial stage relief is slight, drainage poor. B. In early youth, stream valleys are narrow, uplands broad and flat. C. In late youth, valley slopes predominate, but some interstream uplands remain. D. In maturity, the region consists of valley slopes and narrow divides. E. In late maturity, relief is subdued, valley floors broad. F. In old age, a peneplain with monadnocks is formed. G. Uplift of the region brings on a rejuvenation, or second cycle of denudation, shown here to have reached early maturity. Strahler, 1960, p. 251.

Development of sea cliffs. A. Breaking waves first cut out a small cliff, or nip. B. As the cliff is cut back it develops undercut notches, arches, stacks, and crevices. At the same time an abrasion platform, shore face terrace, beach, crevice. C. When equilibrium has been reached a broad platform is present and the cliff is no longer actively undermined. Strahler, 1960, p. 416.

Rock breakup takes various forms. Granular disintegration, exfoliation, joint-block separation, shattering. Strahler, 1960, p. 312.

The drainage pattern on a maturely eroded dome combines annular and radial elements. It resembles a trellis pattern bent into a circle. Strahler, 1960, p. 463.

Most fault lines in horizontal strata evolve through a series of erosional stages in which scarps are successively obliterated and redeveloped on deeper rocks. Strahler, 1960, p. 477.

Diagram showing schematically the formation of a slump in a valley within the basalt area. 1. Basalt beds; 2. Dikes; 3. Sedimentary layers; 4. Ice; 5. Rockslide (slump). Iceland.

Four types of rocks and their topographic expression. Normal fault; reverse fault; strike-slip fault; overthrust fault. Strahler, 1960, p. 475.

Diagram showing the geometry of a stream channel and relative speeds of flow. Strahler, 1960, p. 335

Many landscape features originate through the slow erosional removal of weaker rock, leaving the more resistant rock standing as ridges or mountains. Strahler, 1960, p. 282.

Meandering. Diagram to show flow of river around a bend (in plan); diagram to show the flow of water round a bend (in section) and the resulting lateral corrasion and deposition. Holmes, 1953, p. 163.

River capture. Diagram to show impending river capture. The subsequent stream S1 is cutting back at a relatively low level towards the consequent stream C2. Holmes, 1953, p. 176.